The right to education has been universally recognised since the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 (though referred to by the ILO as
early as the 1920s) and has since been enshrined in various international
conventions, national constitutions and development plans. Malaysia is one of
the countries to ratify them. As said in article 26 (1) UNDHR “(1) everyone
has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary
and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory..”[1],
so to speak is everybody has the right to it, included handicapped. As in
Malaysia, Special education is quite well good running.
To definitely brief what is special
education, is quietly long because there are various term defined by various people.
As in general, I do think that the definition brought by Wikipedia is
acceptable as it says;
Come afterward is who needs special
education? Special education in advanced countries were widely spread and
practice but I’ll just brief in Malaysia’s context. As a developed country, I
do think that Malaysia also had a very good well planned, journey history in
special education and its progress day by day. So, Ministry of Education would
likely received those category as a student, among them are; Down syndrome,
autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia.
Down syndrome
Down syndrome is also called trisomy 21[3].
It happens because of the extra genetics produced by parents, which are 47
instead of 46 normally produced. People who suffered Down syndrome usually tend
to share same physical appearance such as a flat facial profile, an upward
slant to the eyes, small ears, and a protruding tongue. They also usually have
a muscle problem called hypotonia which may cause them to look droopy. Besides
that, they also had to face learning difficulty and frequently had mild to
moderate intellectual impairment.Autism
Autism is hard to define in an exact word but can be trace by looking some characteristics to it. In general we can say that autism is someone who is likely to have his/her own world, without to much intention towards others, but it’s not exactly true to some cases. This is happens because there’re certain individual who has suffered autism do care about others. Some do care followed by times but many of them are generally careless.
People with autism are called autistic. As what has been told earlier that they have their own world, so that they keep to themselves and without help it’s hard to communicate to them. Autistics may act and react to what’s going on around them in atypical way.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Kids who have ADHD are not bad, lazy, or stupid. They have a disorder that means they might have problems paying attention or sitting still in their seats[4]. A person suffered ADHD habitually doing things without thinking the cause and effect. Sometimes they can be disorganized, distracted, or forgetful. They might lose things and have trouble finishing assignments. They may wiggle around in their seats, move around a lot, talk too much, or interrupt other people's conversations. Since then, most of the classroom in Malaysia that has a person with ADHD, especially a severe ADHD frequently set up a grill to its door. This is to avoid them to run away and to ensure safety.
Dyslexia
World Federation of Neurologists defined dyslexia as "a
disorder in children who, despite conventional classroom experience, fail to
attain the language skills of reading, writing, and spelling commensurate with
their intellectual abilities."[5] .Dyslexia
happens because of impairment in the brain’s ability to convert images from the
eyes or ears into comprehensible language. Dyslexia is the most common learning
disability in children throughout life. It’s differing from learning difficulty
in which most kids in Malaysia subjected to special education. Individuals with
dyslexia most of the time is hard to differentiate “w” with “m”, “b” with “d’
and “N” with capital “Z”. They also commonly do not understand about times and
days concept. They do not know how to
use yesterday and last week or last month. The past is generally would be the
pass without an exact specific times and day.
For the
last, it’s hope that the brief about all those things being mentioned is
socially aware by the communities because nobody knows who got who.
